Ma cell onse amoyo amakhalanicotinamide adenine dinucleotide kapena NAD +. Amakhala ndi ma nucleotides nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) ndi adenosine diphosphate (ADP), omwe amalumikizidwa ndi kulumikizana kwa pyrophosphate. NAD + ikhoza kusintha mosavuta pakati pa maiko ake ochepetsedwa (NADH) ndi oxidized (NAD +) poyankha njira za redox zomwe zimatengera.
NAD + imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pamachitidwe osiyanasiyana a ma cell, kuphatikiza mphamvu ya metabolism, kukonza ma DNA, komanso kusaina ma cell. Kutenga nawo gawo munjira izi makamaka kudzera mu gawo lake monga chonyamulira ma elekitironi, kutsekereza ma elekitironi pakati pa mamolekyu panthawi ya redox.
NAD + Metabolic Njira
NAD + kagayidwe kachakudya kumakhudzanso netiweki yovuta ya biosynthetic ndi njira zopulumutsira. The de novo biosynthesis ya NAD + imayamba ndi amino acid tryptophan kapena nicotinic acid ngati zoyambira, pamapeto pake zimafika pachimake pakupanga NMN, yomwe imasinthidwa kukhala NAD +. Kapenanso, maselo amatha kupulumutsa NAD+ pogwiritsa ntchito mamolekyu otsogola, monga nicotinamide kapena nicotinic acid riboside, omwe amasinthidwa kukhala NMN kenako kukhala NAD+.
Njira yopulumutsira ndiyofunikira makamaka pakusunga milingo ya NAD +, makamaka panthawi yomwe ikufunika mphamvu zambiri kapena kupezeka kwa kalambulabwalo kochepa. Imalola ma cell kukonzanso ndikugwiritsanso ntchito mamolekyu a NAD +, kuteteza kuchepa kwawo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti akupezeka mosalekeza panjira zofunika kwambiri za metabolic.
Ubwino Umene Ungatheke
NAD + ndikofunikira pakusamalira zamoyo za mitochondrial komanso kuwongolera majini okhudzana ndi ukalamba. Komabe, mulingo wa NAD + m'thupi lathu umatsika kwambiri ndi zaka. "Tikamakula, timataya NAD +. Podzafika zaka 50, umakhala uli ndi theka la mlingo umene unali nawo poyamba uli ndi zaka 20,” anatero David Sinclair wa pa yunivesite ya Harvard pokambirana naye.
Kafukufuku wawonetsa kuchepa kwa mamolekyu omwe amalumikizana ndi matenda okhudzana ndi ukalamba kuphatikiza kukalamba mwachangu, kusokonezeka kwa metabolic, matenda amtima, ndi neurodegeneration. Miyezo yotsika ya NAD + imalumikizidwa ndi matenda okhudzana ndi ukalamba chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa metabolism. Koma kubwezeretsanso magawo a NAD + kwabwera
zotsatira zotsutsana ndi ukalamba m'zitsanzo za zinyama, kusonyeza zotsatira zodalirika pobwezeretsa matenda okhudzana ndi ukalamba, kuwonjezereka kwa moyo ndi thanzi.
- Kukalamba
Odziwika kuti "oteteza ma genomes," ma sirtuin ndi majini omwe amateteza zamoyo, kuchokera ku zomera kupita ku zinyama, ku kuwonongeka ndi matenda. Majini akazindikira kuti thupi lili ndi nkhawa, monga kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena njala, amatumiza asilikali kukateteza thupilo. Sirtuins amasunga umphumphu wa genome, amalimbikitsa kukonza kwa DNA ndipo awonetsa zinthu zotsutsana ndi ukalamba mu nyama zachitsanzo monga kuchuluka kwa moyo.
NAD + ndiye mafuta omwe amayendetsa majini kugwira ntchito. Koma monga galimoto singayendetse popanda mafuta, ma sirtuin amafuna NAD +. Zotsatira za kafukufuku zikuwonetsa kuti kukweza mulingo wa NAD + m'thupi kumayambitsa ma sirtuin ndikuwonjezera moyo wa yisiti, nyongolotsi, ndi mbewa. Ngakhale kubwezeretsanso kwa NAD + kukuwonetsa zotsatira zabwino pazitsanzo za nyama, asayansi akufufuzabe momwe zotsatirazi zingatanthauzire anthu.
- Ntchito ya minofu
Monga mphamvu ya thupi, ntchito ya mitochondrial ndiyofunikira pakuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. NAD+ ndi imodzi mwamakiyi osungira mitochondria yathanzi komanso kutulutsa mphamvu kosasunthika.
Kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa NAD + mu minofu kumatha kukonza mitochondria yake komanso kulimba kwa mbewa. Kafukufuku wina akuwonetsanso kuti mbewa zomwe zimatenga zolimbitsa thupi za NAD + ndizowonda kwambiri ndipo zimatha kuthamanga motalikirapo popondaponda, kuwonetsa kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri. Zinyama zokalamba zomwe zili ndi mulingo wapamwamba wa NAD + zimaposa anzawo.
- Matenda a metabolic
Bungwe la World Health Organization (WHO) linalengeza kuti kunenepa ndi mliri womwe wafala kwambiri masiku ano. Kunenepa kwambiri kumatha kuyambitsa matenda ena a metabolic monga matenda a shuga, omwe adapha anthu 1.6 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi mu 2016.
Kukalamba komanso zakudya zamafuta ambiri zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa NAD + m'thupi. Kafukufuku wawonetsa kuti kutenga zowonjezera za NAD + kumatha kuchepetsa kulemera kwa mbewa zokhudzana ndi zakudya komanso zaka komanso kukulitsa luso lawo lolimbitsa thupi, ngakhale mbewa zokalamba. Kafukufuku wina adasinthanso zotsatira za matenda a shuga mu mbewa zazikazi, kuwonetsa njira zatsopano zothanirana ndi vuto la metabolic.
- Ntchito ya mtima
Kutanuka kwa mitsempha imakhala ngati chotchinga pakati pa mafunde othamanga omwe amatumizidwa ndi kugunda kwa mtima. Koma mitsempha imauma pamene tikukalamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuthamanga kwa magazi, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pa chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima. Munthu mmodzi amamwalira ndi matenda a mtima masekondi 37 aliwonse ku United States kokha, CDC ikutero.
Kuthamanga kwa magazi kungayambitse kukulitsa mtima ndi kutsekeka kwa mitsempha yomwe imatsogolera ku sitiroko. Kukulitsa milingo ya NAD + kumateteza mtima, kukonza magwiridwe antchito amtima. Mu mbewa, zolimbikitsa za NAD + zabwezeretsanso milingo ya NAD + pamtima mpaka pamiyezo yoyambira ndikuletsa kuvulala pamtima chifukwa cha kusowa kwa magazi. Kafukufuku wina wawonetsa kuti zowonjezera za NAD + zimatha kuteteza mbewa kuti zisakulitse mtima molakwika.
- Neurodegeneration
Pofika chaka cha 2050, chiŵerengero cha anthu padziko lonse lapansi chazaka 60 ndi kupitirira chikuyembekezeka kukwera 2 biliyoni, pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri chiwerengero cha 2015, malinga ndi WHO. Anthu padziko lonse akukhala ndi moyo wautali. Komabe, kukalamba ndiye chiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda ambiri a neurodegenerative kuphatikiza matenda a Parkinson ndi Alzheimer's, zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa chidziwitso.
Mu mbewa zomwe zili ndi Alzheimer's, kukweza mulingo wa NAD + kumatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni omwe amasokoneza kulumikizana kwa ma cell ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito anzeru. Kukulitsa milingo ya NAD + kumatetezanso ma cell aubongo kuti asafe ngati magazi sakukwanira kupita ku ubongo. Maphunziro ambiri pazitsanzo za nyama amapereka chiyembekezo chatsopano chothandizira ubongo kukalamba ndi kuteteza ku neurodegeneration.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-26-2023
