Dukkan sel masu rai sun ƙunshinicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ya da NAD+. Ya ƙunshi nucleotides nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) da adenosine diphosphate (ADP), waɗanda ke haɗuwa da haɗin gwiwar pyrophosphate. NAD + na iya canzawa cikin sauƙi tsakanin ragewarta (NADH) da oxidized (NAD+) jahohin don mayar da martani ga tsarin sake fasalin da yake shiga.
NAD+ yana aiki azaman maɓalli a cikin matakai daban-daban na salon salula, gami da haɓaka makamashi, gyaran DNA, da siginar salula. Shigar sa a cikin waɗannan matakai galibi ta hanyar rawar da yake takawa a matsayin mai ɗaukar wutan lantarki, yana kashe electrons tsakanin ƙwayoyin cuta yayin halayen redox.
Hanyar NAD+ Metabolic
NAD+ metabolism ya ƙunshi hadaddun cibiyar sadarwa na biosynthetic da hanyoyin ceto. De novo biosynthesis na NAD+ yana farawa da amino acid tryptophan ko nicotinic acid a matsayin mafarin, a ƙarshe ya ƙare a cikin samuwar NMN, wanda aka canza zuwa NAD+. A madadin, sel na iya ceton NAD + ta hanyar amfani da kwayoyin precursor, kamar nicotinamide ko nicotinic acid riboside, waɗanda aka canza zuwa NMN sannan zuwa NAD+.
Hanyar ceto tana da mahimmanci musamman a kiyaye matakan NAD +, musamman a lokacin yanayin buƙatun makamashi mai yawa ko ƙarancin isar da saƙo. Yana ba da damar sel su sake yin amfani da su da sake amfani da kwayoyin NAD +, suna hana raguwarsu da tabbatar da ci gaba da wadata don mahimman hanyoyin rayuwa.
Fa'idodi masu yuwuwa
NAD+ yana da mahimmanci don kulawar mitochondrial nau'in da ka'idojin halitta game da tsufa. Koyaya, matakin NAD + a jikinmu yana raguwa sosai tare da shekaru. "Yayin da muke girma, mun rasa NAD +. A lokacin da kake shekara 50, kana da kusan rabin matakin da kake da shi lokacin da kake shekara 20,” in ji David Sinclair na Jami’ar Harvard a wata hira.
Nazarin ya nuna raguwar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta tare da cututtukan da suka shafi shekaru ciki har da saurin tsufa, cututtuka na rayuwa, cututtukan zuciya, da neurodegeneration. Ƙananan matakan NAD + yana da alaƙa da cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da shekaru saboda ƙarancin aikin metabolism. Amma sake cika matakan NAD+ ya gabatar
tasirin rigakafin tsufa a cikin samfuran dabbobi, yana nuna sakamako mai ban sha'awa a cikin sake juyar da cututtukan da suka shafi shekaru, haɓaka tsawon rayuwa da tsawon lafiya.
- tsufa
Wanda aka sani da "masu kula da kwayoyin halitta," sirtuins kwayoyin halitta ne da ke kare kwayoyin halitta, daga tsire-tsire zuwa dabbobi masu shayarwa, daga lalacewa da cututtuka. Lokacin da kwayoyin halitta suka ga jikin yana cikin damuwa na jiki, kamar motsa jiki ko yunwa, yakan aika da sojoji don kare jiki. Sirtuins suna kiyaye mutuncin genome, suna haɓaka gyaran DNA kuma sun nuna abubuwan da suka danganci tsufa a cikin dabbobin ƙira kamar haɓaka tsawon rayuwa.
NAD + shine man fetur da ke motsa kwayoyin halitta zuwa aiki. Amma kamar mota ba za ta iya tuƙi ba tare da man fetur ba, sirtuins na buƙatar NAD +. Sakamako daga binciken ya nuna cewa haɓaka matakin NAD + a cikin jiki yana kunna sirtuins kuma yana ƙara tsawon rayuwa a cikin yisti, tsutsotsi, da mice. Kodayake NAD + sake cikawa yana nuna sakamako mai ban sha'awa a cikin ƙirar dabba, masana kimiyya har yanzu suna nazarin yadda waɗannan sakamakon zasu iya fassarawa ga mutane.
- Aikin tsoka
A matsayin gidan wutar lantarki na jiki, aikin mitochondrial yana da mahimmanci don aikin motsa jiki. NAD + yana ɗaya daga cikin maɓallan don kiyaye lafiyar mitochondria da tsayayyen fitar da kuzari.
Ƙara matakan NAD + a cikin tsoka na iya inganta mitochondria da dacewa a cikin mice. Sauran nazarin kuma sun nuna cewa berayen da ke ɗaukar masu haɓaka NAD + sun fi ƙanƙanta kuma suna iya yin nisa a kan injin tuƙi, suna nuna ƙarfin motsa jiki. Dabbobin da suka tsufa waɗanda ke da babban matakin NAD + sun fi takwarorinsu.
- Cututtukan narkewa
Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta ayyana a matsayin annoba, kiba na daya daga cikin cututtukan da aka fi sani da al’ummar wannan zamani. Kiba na iya haifar da wasu cututtuka na rayuwa kamar ciwon sukari, wanda ya kashe mutane miliyan 1.6 a duniya a cikin 2016.
Tsufa da abinci mai kitse suna rage matakin NAD + a cikin jiki. Nazarin ya nuna cewa shan NAD + masu haɓakawa na iya rage masu alaƙar abinci da haɓakar kiba a cikin mice da haɓaka ƙarfin motsa jiki, har ma a cikin tsofaffin beraye. Sauran nazarin har ma sun canza tasirin ciwon sukari a cikin mice na mata, suna nuna sabbin dabarun yaƙi da rikice-rikice na rayuwa.
- Ayyukan zuciya
Nauni na arteries yana aiki azaman mai ɗaukar nauyi tsakanin igiyoyin matsa lamba da bugun zuciya ya aika. Amma arteries suna da ƙarfi yayin da muke tsufa, suna ba da gudummawa ga hawan jini, abubuwan haɗari mafi mahimmanci ga cututtukan zuciya. Mutum ɗaya yana mutuwa daga cututtukan zuciya kowane daƙiƙa 37 a cikin Amurka kaɗai, rahoton CDC.
Hawan jini na iya haifar da kara girman zuciya da toshewar arteries da ke haifar da bugun jini. Haɓaka matakan NAD + yana ba da kariya ga zuciya, haɓaka ayyukan zuciya. A cikin berayen, masu haɓaka NAD + sun cika matakan NAD + a cikin zuciya zuwa matakan asali kuma sun hana raunin da ya faru a cikin zuciya sakamakon rashin kwararar jini. Sauran binciken sun nuna cewa masu haɓaka NAD + na iya kare beraye daga haɓakar zuciya mara kyau.
- Neurodegeneration
A shekara ta 2050, ana hasashen yawan mutanen duniya masu shekaru 60 zuwa sama zai kai biliyan 2, kusan ninki biyu na adadin na 2015, a cewar WHO. Mutane a duniya suna rayuwa tsawon rai. Duk da haka, tsufa shine babban haɗari ga yawancin cututtuka na neurodegenerative ciki har da cutar Parkinson da Alzheimer, yana haifar da rashin fahimta.
A cikin beraye tare da Alzheimer's, haɓaka matakin NAD+ na iya rage haɓakar furotin wanda ke rushe sadarwar salula kuma yana haɓaka aikin fahimi. Haɓaka matakan NAD+ kuma yana kare ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa daga mutuwa lokacin da rashin isasshen jini zuwa kwakwalwa. Yawancin karatu a cikin nau'ikan dabbobi suna gabatar da sabbin abubuwan da za su taimaka wa kwakwalwa ta tsufa lafiya da kuma kare lafiyar neurodegeneration.
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Lokacin aikawa: Dec-26-2023
