Kodi Adenosine ndi chiyani?

Adenosine ndi nucleoside yomwe imapezeka mwachibadwa m'maselo onse a thupi. Mwa mankhwala ndi 6-amino-9-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-9-H-purine.

Kapangidwe ndi misinkhu ya magazi

Adenosine imapangidwa ndi adenine yolumikizidwa ku molekyulu ya shuga ya ribose (ribofuranose) moiety. Mgwirizano womwe umagwirizanitsa adenine ndi shuga wa ribose umatchedwa β-N9-glycosidic bond.

Mulingo wamba wa plasma adenosine uli pakati pa 0.04 ndi 0.2 ma micromoles.

Physiological ndi pharmacological udindo wa Adenosine

M'thupi, adenosine imathandizira kusamutsa mphamvu zama cell ndikupanga mamolekyu monga adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ndi adenosine diphosphate (ADP).

Adenosine imathandizanso kuwonetsa njira ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana m'thupi popanga mamolekyu owoneka ngati cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).

Adenosine mu ubongo

Mu ubongo adenosine ndi inhibitory neurotransmitter. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, adenosine imatha kukhala ngati cholepheretsa chapakati cha mitsempha. M'mikhalidwe yabwino, imalimbikitsa kugona ndi kupondereza kudzutsidwa. Akadzuka milingo ya adenosine mu ubongo imakwera ola lililonse.

Adenosine mu mtima

Mu mtima adenosine imayambitsa kufutukuka kwa mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imayendetsa bwino kufalikira kwa magazi kumtima. Adenosine imawonjezeranso kukula kwa mitsempha yamagazi mu ziwalo zotumphukira.

Mu mtima adenosine imachepetsa kugunda kwa mtima ndipo m'magazi imakhala ndi anti-platelet action. Kuchita kwa antiplatelet kumalepheretsa kuphatikizika kwa mapulateleti ndikulumikizana.

Adenosine m'magazi

M'magazi adenosine amathyoledwa ndi adenosine deaminase. Enzyme iyi imapezeka m'maselo ofiira ndi khoma la chotengera. Mankhwala Dipyridamole ndi inhibitor wa enzyme adenosine deaminase motero amakweza milingo ya adenosine m'magazi. Izi zimabweretsa kufalikira kwa mitsempha yamagazi komanso kuyenda bwino kwa magazi kudzera m'mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imapereka minofu yamtima.

Adenosine mu impso, mapapo ndi chiwindi

Mu impso adenosine amachepetsa aimpso magazi ndi kuchepetsa kupanga rennin kuchokera impso.

M'mapapo zimayambitsa kutsekeka kwa mayendedwe a mpweya ndipo m'chiwindi kumabweretsa kutsika kwa mitsempha yamagazi ndikuwonjezera kuwonongeka kwa glycogen kupanga shuga.

Adenosine ndi chinthu chopangidwa mwachilengedwe chomwe chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'njira zosiyanasiyana m'thupi la munthu. Ndi nucleoside, kutanthauza kuti imapangidwa ndi molekyulu ya adenine yolumikizidwa ndi molekyulu ya ribose. Adenosine imapezeka m'maselo onse ndipo imakhudzidwa ndi kusamutsa mphamvu monga gawo la adenosine triphosphate (ATP), ndalama yoyamba yamphamvu ya selo. Kuphatikiza pa ntchito yake mu kagayidwe ka mphamvu, adenosine imagwiranso ntchito ngati molekyulu yowonetsera, ikuchita kudzera m'ma receptor apadera m'thupi.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu za adenosine pharmacology ndi njira yake yochitira. Adenosine imagwira ntchito pomanga ku adenosine receptors, omwe ali ndi magawo anayi: A1, A2A, A2B, ndi A3. Isoform iliyonse imagwirizanitsidwa ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana za thupi ndi njira zowonetsera. Pamene adenosine imamangiriza ku zolandilira zake, imayang'anira njira zosiyanasiyana zama cell, kuphatikizapo neurotransmission, vascular tone, ndi chitetezo chamthupi. Mwachitsanzo, kutsegula kwa ma A1 receptors kungayambitse kuletsa kutulutsidwa kwa ma neurotransmitter, pomwe kuyambitsa kwa ma A2A receptors kungayambitse vasodilation ndi anti-inflammatory effects.

Kumvetsetsa pharmacology ya adenosine kumabweretsa ntchito zachipatala m'malo osiyanasiyana azachipatala. Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino zachipatala cha adenosine ndi ntchito yake pochiza matenda ena amtima. Adenosine ntchito ngati antiarrhythmic wothandizila chifukwa cha mphamvu yake kuchepetsa conduction kudzera atrioventricular mfundo, potero kusokoneza reentrant njira ndi kubwezeretsa yachibadwa nkusani kayimbidwe. Kuonjezera apo, adenosine amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala osokoneza bongo mu maphunziro a maganizo a mtima kuti ayese kutsekemera kwa myocardial.

Mwachidule, adenosine ndi molekyulu yamitundumitundu yokhala ndi ntchito zingapo zamankhwala chifukwa chamankhwala ake komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito. Kuthekera kwake kuwongolera njira zama cell kudzera muzolumikizana zinazake zolandilira kumapangitsa kukhala chida chamtengo wapatali pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana, kuchokera ku mtima wa arrhythmias kupita ku matenda opumira komanso kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito neuroprotective. Pamene kafukufuku wa adenosine akupitirira, ntchito zatsopano zachipatala za molekyulu yochititsa chidwiyi zikhoza kupitiriza kuonekera, kukulitsa mphamvu zake zochiritsira zamankhwala.

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